Lee C. Zhao, MD, MS

Faculty Appointment

Hospital Appointment

Administrative Leadership Positions

Education

Postdoctoral Training

Specialty Certification

Licensure

Previous Faculty Academic Appointments

Awards, Honors, and Memberships in Honorary Societies

Research Activities

Major Research Interests include:

Robotic assisted reconstructive surgery of the genitourinary tract

Developed the novel techniques of robotic buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty, and robotic appendix onlay flap ureteroplasty, which allows for minimally invasive treatment of difficult to manage proximal ureteral strictures. Developed the technique of robotic posterior urethroplasty, which permits reconstruction of challenging urethral stenosis.

Gender affirming surgery for transgender patients

Developed robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty for transgender women undergoing feminizing surgery to allow for vaginoplasty in patients with minimal donor tissue. Developed robotic vaginectomy with gracilis flap interposition for phalloplasty to reduce fistula complications.

Collaborative studies of surgical outcomes

Member of Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS), a research collaborative that has resulted in multiple publications in reconstructive urology. Conducted and coordinated multi-institutional studies in techniques such as robotic buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty and robotic bladder neck reconstruction.

Grant History

None

Clinical Activity

I treat urethral strictures, ureteral obstruction, urinary fistulae, and complications of transgender surgery. I have pioneered the use of robotic surgery for urologic reconstruction, including repair of ureteral strictures using oral mucosa and posterior urethroplasty. I have also pioneered the application of single port robotic surgery. As a component of my reconstructive urology practice, I am the co-director for gender affirming surgery program at NYU Langone. I perform both primary and revision gender affirming surgery as part of a multi-disciplinary team.

Education Activity

I am the director of Urologic Reconstructive Surgery fellowship at NYU Langone, and I have trained several fellows in innovative techniques. As a member of the Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS), and the Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS), I am actively involved in studying improvements in surgical outcomes and patient safety by participating in collaborative research. I am also actively involved in urologic education—I was a co-author of the American Urologic Association core curriculum on Gender Affirming Surgery and guidelines on Male Urethral Stricture.

Teaching Activities

Curriculum development and other innovative educational activities

Invited Talks and Teaching of Peers

Internal

External to NYU Langone Health and all other NYU schools

• Korean Continence Society. Seoul, Korea

Mentoring and Advising

Institutional, Local/National Service and Related Activity

Institutional Service

Professional Service

Peer Review Groups, Grant Application Review Groups, and Study Sections

Member, Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS), collaborative research group

Member, Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS), collaborative research group

Advisory Boards and Consultant Positions

None

Organizing Roles in Scientific Meetings

Editorial and Journal Positions

Editor

Community Service, Volunteer Activities, and Teaching of Patients

Military Service

None

Bibliography

Publications

Peer-reviewed Publications

1. Miller TM, Zhao LC, Brennan AB. Rubber-elasticity of hybrid organic-inorganic composites evaluated using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and equilibrium swelling. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 1998; 68; 947-957.
2. Zhao LC, Russo JL, Brennan AB. Measurement of interfacial energy between sulfonated polysulfone and three substrates by AFM. Abs of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 1999; 218; U632.
3. Zhao LC, Hauser B, Feinberg AW, Wilkerson WR, Ozaki CK, Brennan AB. Forces between selectins and their sialyl Lewis X counter-receptors. Circulation. 2000; 102; 1226.
4. Wilkerson WR, Seegert CA, Feinberg AW, Zhao LC, Callow ME, Baney R, Brennan AB. Bioadhesion studies on microtextured siloxane elastomers. Abs of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 2001; 221; U332.
5. Feinberg AW, Gibson AL, Wilkerson WR, Seegert CA, Wilson LH, Zhao LC, Baney RH, Callow JA, Callow ME, Brennan AB. Investigating the energetics of bioadhesion on microengineered siloxane elastomers - Characterizing the topography, mechanical properties, and surface energy and their effect on cell contact guidance. ACS Symposium Series. 2003; 838; 196-211.
6. Kim SJ, Varghese TK, Zhang Z, Zhao LC, Thomas G, Hummel M, Abecassis M. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury activates the enhancer domain of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5;1606-13.
7. Zhao LC, Rubenstein RA, Vardi IY, Tenggardjaja C, Smith N, Nadler RB. Effect of advanced age on laparoscopic urologic procedures. J Endourol. 2007 Jan;21(1):62-4.
8. Rubenstein RA, Zhao LC, Loeb S, Shore DM, Nadler RB. Prestenting improves ureteroscopic stone-free rates. J Endourol. 2007 Nov;21(11):1277-80.
9. Shah A, Okotie OT, Zhao L, Pins MR, Bhalani V, Dalton DP. Pathologic outcomes during the learning curve for robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Int Braz J Urol. 2008; 34; 159-62
10. Zhao LC, Han JS, Loeb S, Tenggardjaja C, Rubenstein RA, Smith ND, Nadler RB. Thoracic complications of urologic laparoscopy: correlation between radiographic findings and clinical manifestations. J Endourol. 2008; 22; 607-14.
11. Kacker R, Zhao L, Macejko A, Thaxton CS, Stern J, Liu JJ, Nadler RB. Radiographic parameters on noncontrast computerized tomography predictive of shock wave lithotripsy success. J Urology. 2008; 179;1866-71.
12. Lesani OA, Zhao LC, Han J, Okotie O, Desireddi NV, Johnston WK, Nadler RB. Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with manual specimen morcellation for stage cT1 renal-cell carcinoma. J Endourol. 2008; 22;1257-9.
13. Casey JT, Erickson BA, Navai N, Zhao LC, Meeks JJ, Gonzalez CM. Urethral reconstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. J Urology. 2008; 180; 197-200.
14. Zhao LC, Chan SW, Macejko AM, Lin WW. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation-induced perinephric hematoma with acute renal failure in a solitary kidney. J Endourol. 2008; 22; 1463-5.
15. Kacker R, Meeks JJ, Zhao L, Nadler RB. Decreased stone-free rates after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for high calcium phosphate composition kidney stones. J Urology. 2008;180; 958-60.
16. Navai N, Erickson BA, Zhao LC, Okotie OT, Gonzalez CM. Complications following urethral reconstructive surgery: a six year experience. Int Braz J Urol. 2008; 34; 594-600.
17. Meeks JJ, Zhao LC, Navai N, Perry KT Jr, Nadler RB, Smith ND. Risk factors and management of urine leaks after partial nephrectomy. J Urology. 2008;180; 2375-8.
18. Meeks JJ, Zhao L, Greco KA, Macejko A, Nadler RB. Impact of prostate median lobe anatomy on robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Urology. 2009; 73; 323-7.
19. Macejko A, Okotie OT, Zhao LC, Liu J, Perry K, Nadler RB. Computed tomography-determined stone-free rates for ureteroscopy of upper-tract stones. J Endourol. 2009; 23; 379-82.
20. Wu SD, Lesani OA, Zhao LC, Johnston WK, Wolf JS Jr, Clayman RV, Nadler RB. A multi-institutional study on the safety and efficacy of specimen morcellation after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinical stage T1 or T2 renal cell carcinoma. J Endourol. 2009; 23; 1513-8.
21. Meeks JJ, Zhao LC, Greco KA, Wu SD, Nadler RB. Application of continuous tension to aid in performing the vesicourethral anastomosis for robot-assisted prostatectomy. J Endourol. 2009; 23; 1941-4.
22. Nadler RB, Casey JT, Zhao LC, Navai N, Smith ZL, Zhumkhawala A, Macejko AM. Is the transition from open to robotic prostatectomy fair to your patients? A single-surgeon comparison with 2-year follow-up. J Robotic Surg, 2010; 3; 201-207.
23. Rebuck DA, Zhao LC, Helfand BT, Casey JT, Navai N, Perry KT, Nadler RB. Simple modifications in operating room processes to reduce the times and costs associated with robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. J Endourol 2011; 25; 955-960.
24. Zhao LC, Lautz TB, Meeks JJ, Maizels M. Pediatric testicular torsion epidemiology using a national database: incidence, risk of orchiectomy and possible measures toward improving the quality of care. J Urology 2011; 186; 2009-13.
25. Bjurlin MA, Zhao LC, Goble SM, Hollowell CMP. Bicycle-related genitourinary injuries. Urology 2011; 78; 1187-90.
26. Nuss GR, Granieri MA, Zhao LC, Thum DJ, Gonzalez CM. Presenting Symptoms in Men with Anterior Urethral Stricture Disease: The Case for a Disease Specific, Patient‐Reported Questionnaire to Measure Outcomes. J Urol 2012; 187; 559-62.
27. Bjurlin MA, Zhao LC, Goble SM, Hollowell CMP. Race and Insurance Status are Risk Factors for Orchiectomy Due to Testicular Trauma. J Urol. 2012; 187; 931-935.
28. Meeks JJ, Zhao LC, Cashy J, Kundu S. Incidence and outcomes of ductal carcinoma of the prostate in the USA: analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. BJU Int 2012; 109; 831-4.
29. Zhao LC, Meeks JJ, Helfand BT, Ross FR, Herr HW, Kundu S. Screening urine analysis before bacilli Calmette-Guerin instillation does not reduce the rate of infectious complications. BJU Int 2012; 109; 1819-21.
30. Hofer MD, Meeks JJ, Cashy J, Kundu S, Zhao LC. Impact of Increasing Prevalence of Minimally Invasive Prostatectomy on Open Prostatectomy Observed in the National Inpatient Sample and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Endourol. 2013; 27; 102-7.
31. Bjurlin MA, Kim DY, Zhao LC, Palmer CJ, Cohn MR, Vidal PP, Bokhari F, Hollowell CM. Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of penetrating external genital injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 74; 839-44.
32. Smith PJ, Hudak SJ, Scott JF, Zhao LC, Morey AF. Transcorporal artificial urinary sphincter cuff placement is associated with increased risk of postoperative urinary retention. Can J Urol., 2013; 20; 6773-7.
33. Belsante MJ, Zhao LC, Hudak, SJ, Lotan Y, Morey AF. Cost effectiveness of risk-stratified follow-up after urethroplasty: a decision analysis. J Urol., 2013; 190; 1292-7.
34. Stein DM, Flum AS, Cashy J, Zhao LC, McVary KT. Nationwide Emergency Department Visits for Priapism in the United States. J Sex Med. 2013; 10; 2418-22.
35. Seideman CA, Zhao LC, Hudak SJ, Mierzwiak J, Adibi M, Morey AF. Is prolonged catheterization is associated with artificial urinary sphincter cuff erosion? Urology, 2013; 82; 943-6.
36. Ramirez D, Zhao LC, Bagrodia A, Scott JF, Hudak SJ, Morey AF. Deep lateral transurethral incision for recurrent bladder neck contracture: promising 5-year experience using a standardized approach. Urology, 2013; 82; 1430-5.
37. Cefalu CA, Deng X, Zhao LC, Scott JF, Mehta S, Morey AF. Safety of the “Drain and Retain” Option for Defunctionalized Urologic Prosthetic Balloons and Reservoirs During AUS and IPP Revisions Surgery: Five Year Experience. Urology. 2013; 82;1436-9.
38. Lubahn JD, Zhao LC, Scott JF, Chee J, Terlecki R, Breyer B, Morey AF. Poor Quality of Life in Urethral Stricture Patients Treated with Intermittent Self-Dilation. J Urol, 2014; 191; 143-7.
39. Hofer MD, Zhao LC, Morey AF, Scott JF, Chang AJ, Brandes SB, Gonzalez CM. Outcomes after urethroplasty for radiotherapy induced bulbomembraneous urethral stricture disease. J Urol, 2014; 191; 1307-12.
40. Cordon BH, Zhao LC, Scott JF, Armenakas NA, Morey AF. Pseudospongioplasty using periurethral vascularized tissue to support ventral buccal mucosa grafts in the distal urethra. J Urol, 2014; 192; 804-7.
41. Simhan J, Morey AF, Zhao LC, Tausch TJ, Scott JF, Hudak SJ, Mazzarella BC. Decreasing need for artificial urinary sphincter revision surgery by precise cuff sizing in men with spongiosal atrophy. J Urol 2014; 192; 798-803.
42. Tausch TJ, Morey AF, Zhao LC, Knoll P, Simhan J, Scott JF, Flemons JR, Wilson SK. High submuscular versus space of Retzius placement of inflatable penile prosthesis reservoirs: results of a surgeon survey. Can J Urol 2014; 21; 7465-9.
43. Flum AS, Zhao LC, Kielb SJ, Wilson EB, Shu T, Hairston JC. Completely intracorporeal robotic-assisted laparoscopic augmentation enterocystoplasty with continent catheterizable channel. Urology 2014; 84; 1314-8
44. Sawkar HP, Kim DY, Thum DJ, Zhao L, Cashy J, Bjurlin M, Bhalani V, Boller AM, Kundu S. Frequency of lower urinary tract injury after gastrointestinal surgery in the nationwide inpatient sample database. Am Surg. 2014; 80; 1216-21.
45. Tausch TJ, Zhao LC, Morey AF, Siegel JA, Belsante MJ, Seideman CA, Flemons JR. Malleable Penile Prosthesis Is a Cost-Effective Treatment for Refractory Ischemic Priapism. J Sex Med. 2015; 12; 824-6.
46. Kim SY, Dupree JM, Le BV, Kim DY, Zhao LC, Kundu SD. A contemporary analysis of Fournier gangrene using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Urology 2015; 85; 1052-6.
47. Zaid UB, Hawkins M, Wilson L, Ting J, Harris C, Alwaal A, Zhao LC, Morey AF, Breyer BN. The cost of surveillance after urethroplasty. Urology 2015 85:1195-9.
48. Marien T, Bjurlin MA, Wynia B, Bilbily M, Rao G, Zhao LC, Shah O, Stifelman MD. Outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract reconstruction: 250 consecutive patients. BJU Int. 2015; 116; 604-11.
49. Westerman ME, Tausch TJ, Zhao LC, Siegel JA, Starke N, Klein AK, Morey AF. Ventral Slit Scrotal Flap: A New Outpatient Surgical Option for Reconstruction of Adult Buried Penis Syndrome. Urology. 2015; 85; 1501-4.
50. Zhao LC, Yamaguchi Y, Bryk DJ, Adelstein SA, Stifelman MD. Robot assisted ureteral reconstruction using buccal mucosa. Urology. 2015; 86; 634-8.
51. Son AY, Zhao L, Reyentovich A, Deanda A, Balsam LB. Intractable Hematuria After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Can Lessons Learned from Gastrointestinal Bleeding Be Applied? ASAIO J. 2016; 62; e8-12.
52. Erickson BA, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Voelzke BB, Smith TG 3rd, McClung CD, Alsikafi NF, Vanni AJ, Brant WO, Broghammer JA, Tam CA, Zhao LC, Buckley JC, Breyer BN; Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons. Understanding the Relationship between Chronic Systemic Disease and Lichen Sclerosus Urethral Strictures. J Urol. 2016;195; 363-8
53. Pagano MJ, Weinberg AC, Deibert CM, Hernandez K, Alukal J, Zhao L, Wilson SK, Egydio PH, Valenzuela RJ. Penile intracavernosal pillars: lessons from anatomy and potential implications for penile prosthesis placement. Int J Impot Res. 2016; 28; 114-9.
54. Siegel JA, Zhao L, Tachibana I, Carlson S, Tausch TJ, Klein AK, Vanni A, Rozanski T, Morey AF. Rapid excision of massive localized lymphedema of the male genitalia with vessel sealing device. Can J Urol. 2016; 23; 8291-5.
55. Bryk DJ, Khurana K, Yamaguchi Y, Kozirovsky M, Telegrafi S, Zhao LC. Outpatient Ultrasound Urethrogram for Assessment of Anterior Urethral Stricture: Early Experience. Urology 2016; 93; 203-7.
56. Wilson SC, Stranix JT, Khurana K, Morrison SD, Levine JP, Zhao LC. Fasciocutaneous flap reinforcement of ventral onlay buccal mucosa grafts enables neophallus revision urethroplasty. Therapeutic advances in urology. 2016; 8; 331-337
57. Osterberg EC, Vanni AJ, Gaither TW, Awad MA, Broghammer JA, Pate SC, Wyre H, Myers JB, Elliott SP, Krishna S, Zhao LC, McClung C, Erickson BA, Breyer BN. Radiation-induced complex anterior urinary fistulation for prostate cancer: a retrospective multicenter study from the Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS). World J Urol. 2017; 35;1037-1043.
58. Bjurlin MA, Zhao LC, Kenigsberg AP, Mass AY, Taneja SS, Huang WC. Novel Use of Fluorescence Lymphangiography During Robotic Groin Dissection for Penile Cancer. Urology 2017; 107; 267.
59. Keihani S, Chandrapal JC, Peterson AC, Broghammer JA, Chertack N, Elliott SP, Rourke KF, Alsikafi NF, Buckley JC, Breyer BN, Smith TG 3rd, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Brant WO, Myers JB; Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS, TURNSresearch.org). Outcomes of Urethroplasty to Treat Urethral Strictures Arising From Artificial Urinary Sphincter Erosions and Rates of Subsequent Device Replacement. Urology 2017;107; 239-245.
60. Zhao LC, Weinberg AC, Lee Z, Ferretti MJ, Koo HP, Metro MJ, Eun DD, Stifelman MD. Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction using Buccal Mucosa Graft: A Multi-Institutional Experience. Eur Urol. 2018; 73: 419-426.
61. Katz M, Wollin DA, Donin NM, Meeks W, Gulig S, Zhao LC, Wysock JS, Taneja SS, Huang WC, Bjurlin MA. Effect of Malnutrition on Radical Nephroureterectomy Morbidity and Mortality: Opportunity for Preoperative Optimization. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2018 Aug;16(4):e807-e815.
62. Cotter KJ, Flynn KJ, Hahn AE, Voelzke BB, Myers JB, Smith TG 3rd, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Vanni AJ, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Erickson BA. Prevalence of Post-Micturition Incontinence Before and After Anterior Urethroplasty. J Urol. 2018 Oct;200(4):843-847.
63. Granieri MA, Weinberg AC, Sun JY, Stifelman M, Zhao L. Robotic Y-V Plasty for Recalcitrant Bladder Neck Contracture. Urology. 2018 Jul;117:163-165
64. Kirshenbaum EJ, Zhao LC, Myers JB, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Baradaran N, Erickson BA, Buckley JC, Voelzke BB, Granieri MA, Summers SJ, Breyer BN, Dash A, Weinberg A, Alsikafi NF. Patency and Incontinence Rates after Robotic Bladder Neck Reconstruction for Vesicourethral Anastomotic Stenosis and Recalcitrant Bladder Neck Contractures: the TURNS Experience. Urology. 2018 Aug;118:227-233.
65. Erickson BA, Tesdahl BA, Voznesensky MA, Breyer BN, Voelzke BB, Alsikafi NF, Vanni AJ, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Myers JB, Brant WO, Zhao LC, Smith Iii TG, Swick BL, Dahmoush L. Urethral lichen sclerosus under the microscope: a survey of academic pathologists. Can J Urol. 2018 25 :9328-9333.
66. Rude TL, Khurana K, Yamaguchi Y, Walter D, Makarov D, Zhao LC. Burden of Disease for Urethral Stricture Managed by Repeat Endoscopic Treatment vs Single Endoscopic Treatment or Urethroplasty in the Veterans Affairs Population. Urology Practice 2018: 5: 299-304
67. Armstrong BN, Renson A, Zhao LC, Bjurlin MA. Development of novel prognostic models for predicting complications of urethroplasty. World J Urol. 2019 Mar;37(3):553-559.
68. Chung PH, Vanni AJ, Breyer BN, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Alsikafi N, Buckley J, Elliott SP, Zhao LC, Voelzke BB; Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS). Evaluation of Generic Versus Condition-Specific Quality of Life Indicators for Successful Urethral Stricture Surgery. Urology. 2019 Apr;126:222-226.
69. Baradaran N, Fergus KB, Moses RA, Patel DP, Gaither TW, Voelzke BB, Smith TG 3rd, Erickson BA, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Vanni AJ, Buckley J, Zhao LC, Myers JB, Breyer BN. Clinical significance of cystoscopic urethral stricture recurrence after anterior urethroplasty: a multi-institution analysis from Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS). World J Urol. 2019 Dec;37(12):2763-2768.
70. Cotter KJ, Hahn AE, Voelzke BB, Myers JB, Smith TG 3rd, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Vanni AJ, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Broghammer JA, Erickson BA; Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS). Trends in Urethral Stricture Disease Etiology and Urethroplasty Technique from a Multi-Institutional Surgical Outcomes Research Group. Urology. 2019 Aug;130:167-174.
71. Jacoby A, Maliha S, Granieri MA, Cohen O, Dy GW, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Robotic Davydov Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty for Augmentation of Vaginal Depth in Feminizing Vaginoplasty. J Urol. 2019 Jun;201(6):1171-1176.
72. Granieri MA, Zhao LC, Breyer BN, Voelzke BB, Baradaran N, Grucela AL, Marcello P, Vanni AJ. Multi-Institutional Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Harvest of Rectal Mucosa Graft for Anterior Urethral Reconstruction. J Urol. 2019 Jun;201(6):1164-1170
73. Howard KN, Zhao LC, Weinberg AC, Granieri M, Bernstein MA, Grucela AL. A novel surgery: robotic transanal rectal mucosal harvest. Tech Coloproctol. 2019 Jul;23(7):691.
74. Howard KN, Zhao LC, Weinberg AC, Granieri M, Bernstein MA, Grucela AL. Robotic transanal minimally invasive rectal mucosa harvest. Surg Endosc. 2019 Oct;33(10):3478-3483.
75. Dy GW, Granieri MA, Fu BC, Vanni AJ, Voelzke B, Rourke KF, Elliott SP, Nikolavsky D, Zhao LC. Presenting Complications to a Reconstructive Urologist after Masculinizing Genital Reconstructive Surgery. Urology. 2019 Oct;132:202-206.
76. Johnsen NV, Moses RA, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Baradaran N, Greear G, Smith TG 3rd, Granieri MA, Alsikafi NF, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Breyer BN, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Voelzke BB; Trauma Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons(TURNS). Multicenter analysis of posterior urethroplasty complexity and outcomes following pelvic fracture urethral injury. World J Urol. 2020 Apr;38(4):1073-1079.
77. Hatchette CY, Aoun SG, El Ahmadieh TY, Smalley L, Patel AR, Zhao L, Singla N, Mauck R, Rickert KL, Whitworth T. Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Aspiration of a Spinal Epidural Dermoid Cyst Extending From T10 to the Sacrum: 2-Dimensional Operative Video. Operative Neurosurgery. 2020 May 1;18(5):E172.
78. Cohen OD, Dy GW, Nolan IT, Maffucci F, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Robotic Excision of Vaginal Remnant/Urethral Diverticulum for Relief of Urinary Symptoms Following Phalloplasty in Transgender Men. Urology. 2020 Feb;136:158-161.
79. Teven CM, Yu JW, Zhao LC, Levine JP. Extended medial sural artery perforator free flap for groin and scrotal reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg. 2020 Apr 8.
80. Dy GW, Kaoutzanis C, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner, R. Technical Refinements of Vulvar Reconstruction in Gender-Affirming Surgery'. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 145(5):984e-987e
81. Frey JD, Yu JW, Cohen SM, Zhao LC, Choi M, Levine JP. Robotically Assisted Omentum Flap Harvest: A Novel, Minimally Invasive Approach for Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020 Apr 24;8(4):e2505
82. Moynihan MJ, Voelzke B, Myers J, Breyer BN, Erickson B, Elliott SP, Alsikafi N, Buckley J, Zhao L, Smith T, Vanni AJ. Endoscopic Treatments Prior to Urethroplasty: Trends in Management of Urethral Stricture Disease. BMC Urol. 2020 Jun 13;20(1):68.
83. Cohen O, Stranix JT, Zhao L, Levine J, Bluebond-Langner R. Use of a Split Pedicled Gracilis Muscle Flap in Robotically Assisted Vaginectomy and Urethral Lengthening for Phalloplasty: A Novel Technique for Female-to-Male Genital Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Jun;145(6):1512-1515.
84. Fuller TW, Ballon-Landa E E, Gallo K, Smith TG 3rd, Ajay D, Westney OL, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Cohen AJ, Vanni AJ, Broghammer JA, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Buckley JC. Outcomes and Risk Factors of Revision and Replacement Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation in Radiated and Non-radiated Patients. J Urol. 2020 Jul;204(1):110-114.
85. Slawin J, Patel NH, Lee Z, Dy GW, Kim D, Asghar A, Koster H, Metro M, Zhao L, Stifelman M, Eun DD. Ureteral Reimplantation via Robotic Nontransecting Side-to-Side Anastomosis for Distal Ureteral Stricture. J Endourol. 2020 Aug; 34(8): 836-839. PMID: 32233674
86. Erickson BA, Flynn KJ, Hahn AE, Cotter K, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC; Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS). Development and Validation of a Male Anterior Urethral Stricture Classification System. Urology. 2020 Jun 21:S0090-4295(20)30719-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.072. Online ahead of print.
87. Dy GW, Jun MS, Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Outcomes of Gender Affirming Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty Using the Da Vinci Single Port Versus Xi Robotic Systems. Eur Urol. 2020 Jul 2:S0302-2838(20)30469-3. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.040. Online ahead of print.
88. Jun MS, Stair S, Xu A, Lee Z, Asghar AM, Strauss D, Stifelman MD, Eun D, Zhao LC; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). A Multi-institutional Experience with Robotic Appendiceal Ureteroplasty. Urology. 2020 Nov; 145:287-291 PMID: 32681918
89. Lee M, Lee Z, Strauss D, Jun MS, Koster H, Asghar AM, Lee R, Chao B, Cheng N, Ahmed M, Lovallo G, Munver R, Zhao LC, Stifelman MD, Eun DD; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). Multi-Institutional Experience Comparing Outcomes of Adult Patients Undergoing Secondary versus Primary Robotic Pyeloplasty. Urology. 2020. Nov; 145:275-280 PMID: 32687842
90. Lee Z, Lee M, Koster H, Lee R, Cheng N, Jun M, Slawin J, Zhao LC, Stifelman MD, Eun DD; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). A Multi-institutional Experience with Robotic Ureteroplasty with Buccal Mucosa Graft: An Updated Analysis of Intermediate-Term Outcomes Urology. 2021 Jan;147:306-310. PMID: 32798516
91. Asghar AM, Lee Z, Lee RA, Slawin J, Cheng N, Koster H, Strauss DM, Lee M, Reddy R, Drain A, Lama-Tamang T, Jun MS, Metro M, Ahmed M, Stifelman MD, Zhao L, Eun D. Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction in Patients with Radiation-Induced Ureteral Strictures: Experience from the Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). J Endourol. 2021 Feb;35(2):144-150. PMID: 32814443
92. Patino G, Cohen AJ, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Smith TG 3rd, Erickson BA, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Buckley JC, Zhao L, Myers JB, Enriquez A, Breyer BN; Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS). Urethrogram: Does post-operative contrast extravasation portend stricture recurrence? Urology. 2020 Aug 4;S0090-4295(20)30944-4.
93. Mishra K, Mahran A, Abboud B, Bukavina L, Elshafei A, Ray A 3rd, Fernstrum A, Abboud R, Elgammal M, Zhao LC, Gupta S. Validating the Martini Staging System for Rectourethral Fistula: A Meta-Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes. Urology. 2021 Jan; 147: 299-305. PMID 32916190
94. Jun, M S; Gluszak, P; Zhao, L C. 'Nontransecting anastomotic urethroplasty of pelvic fracture urethral injury: A demonstration of technique'. Urology video journal. 2020
95. B Peyronnet, L Zhao, R Sussman, R Palmerola, C Escobar, D Pape, N Rosenblum, V Nitti, B Brucker Dorsal onlay buccal mucosa vs. vaginal-flap “Blandy” urethroplasty for female stricture: A single-center series. European Urology Open Science, 2020
96. Freton L, Hascoet J, Khene Z, Alimi Q, Mazouin C, Graffeille V, Verhoest G, Mathieu R, Manunta A, Zhao L, Bensalah K, Peyronnet B. Plastie yv et plastie postérieur robotique pour sclérose de col vésical post-pvp. Prog Urol. 2020 Nov;30(13):846. French. doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.08.029. PMID: 33157829.
97. Freton L, Alimi Q, Zhao L, Haudebert C, Bourre T, Mermier M, Laine-Caroff P, Hascoet J, Mathieu R, Manunta A, Bensalah K, Peyronnet B. Plastie yv robotique et lambeau peritonéal pour sténose d’anastomose vésico-urétrale après prostatectomie radicale et radiothérapie. Prog Urol. 2020 Nov;30(13):847. French. doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.08.030. PMID: 33157830.
98. Lee M, Lee Z, Koster H, Jun M, Asghar AM, Lee R, Strauss D, Patel N, Kim D, Komaravolu S, Drain A, Metro MJ, Zhao L, Stifelman M, Eun DD; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). Intermediate-term outcomes after robotic ureteral reconstruction for long-segment (≥4 centimeters) strictures in the proximal ureter: A multi-institutional experience. Investig Clin Urol. 2021 Jan;62(1):65-71. PMID: 33258325
99. Kim S, Cheng KC, Patell S, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Elliott SP, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Buckley JC. Antibiotic Stewardship and Postoperative Infections in Urethroplasties. Urology. 2021 Jun;152:142-147. PMID: 33373707.
100. Schulster ML, Dy GW, Vranis NM, Jun MS, Shakir NA, Levine JP, Zhao LC. Propeller Flap Perineal Urethrostomy Revision. Urology. 2021 Feb;148:302-305. PMID: 33309704.
101. Jacoby A, Rifkin W, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Incidence of Cancer and Premalignant Lesions in Surgical Specimens of Transgender Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Jan 1;147(1):194-198. PMID: 33370065
102. Voelzke BB, Leddy LS, Myers JB, Breyer BN, Alsikafi NF, Broghammer JA, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Erickson BA, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Wright T, Rourke KF; Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS). Multi-Institutional Outcomes and Associations after Excision and Primary Anastomosis for Radiotherapy-Associated Bulbomembranous Urethral Stenoses Following Prostate Cancer Treatment. Urology. 2021 Jun;152:117-122. PMID: 33556448
103. Jun MS, Shakir NA, Blasdel G, Cohen O, Levine JP, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Robotic-assisted Vaginectomy During Staged Gender-affirming Penile Reconstruction Surgery: Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2021 Jun;152:74-78. PMID: 33493507.
104. Lee Z, Lee M, Lee R, Koster H, Cheng N, Siev M, Jun M, Munver R, Ahmed M, Zhao L, Stifelman M, Eun D; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). Ureteral Rest is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction of Proximal and Middle Ureteral Strictures. Urology. 2021 Jun;152:160-166. PMID: 33639184.
105. Robinson IS, Blasdel G, Cohen O, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Surgical Outcomes Following Gender Affirming Penile Reconstruction: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Multi-Center, International Survey of 129 Transmasculine Patients. J Sex Med. 2021 Apr:18(4):800-811. PMID: 33663938.
106. Dy GW, Blasdel G, Shakir NA, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Robotic Peritoneal Flap Revision Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women: a Novel Technique for Treating Neovaginal Stenosis. Urology. 2021. Aug;154:308-314. PMID: 33823174.
107. Cavallo J, Vanni A, Dy G, Stair S, Shakir NA, Canes D, Zhao L. Clinical Outcomes of a Combined Robotic Transabdominal and Open Transperineal Approach for Anastomotic Posterior Urethroplasty. J Endourol. 2021 Sep; 35(9):1372-1377. PMID: 33820448
108. Beamer MR, Schardein J, Shakir N, Jun MS, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC, Nikolavsky D. One or Two Stage Buccal Augmented Urethroplasty has a High Success Rate in Treating Post Phalloplasty Anastomotic Urethral Stricture. Urology. 2021 Jun 10:S0090-4295(21)00471-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.045. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34119502.
109. Jun MS, Gonzalez E, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty with Robotically Assisted Peritoneal Flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Aug 1;148(2):439-442. PMID: 34398096.
110. Xu AJ, Shakir NA, Jun MS, Zhao LC. Robotic Assisted Repair of Post-Ileal Conduit Parastomal Hernia: Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2021 Sep 2:S0090-4295(21)00819-0. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.08.030. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34481825.
111. Liu W, Shakir N, Zhao LC. Single-Port Robotic Posterior Urethroplasty Using Buccal Mucosa Grafts: Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2022 Jan; 159: 214-221 PMID: 34624362.
112. Richard C, Peyronnet B, Drain A, Rosenblum N, Hascoet J, Sussman RD, Freton L, Zhao LC, Nitti VW, Brucker BM. Dorsal onlay oral mucosa graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture. Urology. 2021 Sep 16:S0090-4295(21)00840-2. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.09.001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34537197.
113. Chao BW, Shakir NA, Hyun GS, Levine JP, Zhao LC. Robotic-Assisted Testicular Autotransplantation. Urology. 2022 Jan;159:255. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.09.020. Epub 2021 Oct 8. PMID: 34627870.
114. Amend GM, Nabavizadeh B, Hakam N, Voelzke BB, Smith TG 3rd, Erickson BA, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Vanni AJ, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Broghammer JA, Breyer BN. Urethroscopic Findings Following Urethroplasty Predict the Need for Secondary Intervention in Long-Term: A Multi-Institutional Study from Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons. J Urol. 2021 Dec 2:101097JU0000000000002353. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002353. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34854754.
115. Parker A, Blasdel G, Kloer C, Kimberly L, Shakir N, Robinson I, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Postulating Penis: What Influences the Interest of Transmasculine Patients in Gender Affirming Penile Reconstruction Techniques? J Sex Med. 2021 Dec 14:S1743-6095(21)00753-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.10.013. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34920952.
116. Robinson IS, Rifkin WJ, Kloer C, Parker A, Blasdel G, Shakir N, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Perioperative Hormone Management in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy: Is Stopping Testosterone before Top Surgery Really Necessary? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):421-427. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009858. Epub 2022 Nov 15. PMID: 36374270.
117. Dy GW, Salibian A, Blasdel G, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. External Genital Revisions after Gender-Affirming Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty: Surgical Assessment, Techniques, and Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Apr 15. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009165. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35426889.
118. Daar DA, Anzai LM, Vranis NM, Schulster ML, Frey JD, Jun M, Zhao LC, Levine JP. Robotic deep inferior epigastric perforator flap harvest in breast reconstruction. Microsurgery. 2022 May;42(4):319-325. doi: 10.1002/micr.30856. Epub 2022 Jan 5. PMID: 34984741.
119. Robinson IS, Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. The Management of Intra-abdominal Complications Following Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty. Urology. 2022 Feb 9:S0090-4295(22)00092-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.01.036. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35150666.
120. Ghodoussipour S, Ahmadi N, Goh A, Alemozaffar M, Nabavizadeh R, Gallucci M, Simone G, Tuderti G, Gill I, Desai M, Zhao LC, Aron M. Robotic Repair of Ureteroenteric Stricture Following Radical Cystectomy: A Multi-Institutional Experience. Urology. 2022 Mar;161:125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.11.020. Epub 2022 Jan 7. PMID: 35007620; PMCID: PMC9982748.
121. Xu AJ, Mishra K, Zhao LC. Heineke-Mikulicz Preputioplasty: Surgical Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2022 Apr 14:S0090-4295(22)00290-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.03.030. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35430235.
122. Blasdel G, Kloer C, Parker A, Castle E, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Coming Soon: Ability to Orgasm After Gender Affirming Vaginoplasty. J Sex Med. 2022 May 1;19(5):781-788. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.02.015. PMID: 37057556.
123. Anderson KT, Vanni AJ, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Voelzke B, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Smith TG 3rd, Alsikafi NF, Rourke KF, Elliott SP. Defining Success after Anterior Urethroplasty: An Argument for a Universal Definition and Surveillance Protocol. J Urol. 2022 Mar 3:101097JU0000000000002501. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002501. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35239415.
124. Blasdel G, Robinson I, Parker A, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Familiar Infections in Novel Anatomy: Patient Reports of Sexually Transmitted Infections After Gender Affirming Penile Reconstruction. Sex Transm Dis. 2022 Feb 14. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001616. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35171129.
125. Rifkin WJ, Daar DA, Cripps CN, Mars G, Zhao LC, Levine JP, Bluebond-Langner R. Gender-affirming Phalloplasty: A Postoperative Protocol for Success. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022 Jun 20;10(6):e4394. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004394. PMID: 35747259; PMCID: PMC9208864.
126. Amend GM, Holler JT, Sadighian MJ, Rios N, Hakam N, Nabavizadeh B, Enriquez A, Shaw N, Vanni AJ, Zhao L, Erickson BA, Buckley JC, Breyer BN. The Lived Experience of Patients with Adult Acquired Buried Penis. J Urol. 2022 Aug;208(2):396-405. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002667. Epub 2022 Apr 28. PMID: 35767655.
127. Rifkin WJ, Robinson IS, Kloer C, Cripps CN, Boyd CJ, Blasdel G, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Gender-affirming Mastectomy: Comparison of Periareolar and Double Incision Patterns. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022 May 25;10(5):e4356. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004356. PMID: 35646495; PMCID: PMC9132529.
128. Blasdel G, Parker AC, Salibian A, Robinson I, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. "Recommendations for Communication in Gender Affirming Surgical Care". Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Jun 9. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009332. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35674659.
129. Kim S, Cheng KC, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Elliott SP, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Buckley JC. Minimizing Antibiotic Use in Urethral Reconstruction. J Urol. 2022 Jul;208(1):128-134. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002487. Epub 2022 Feb 25. PMID: 35212569.
130. Kaplan-Marans E, Zhang TR, Zhao LC, Hu JC. Transgender women with prostate cancer are under-represented in national cancer registries. Nat Rev Urol. 2022 Dec 6. doi: 10.1038/s41585-022-00688-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36473946.
131. Blasdel G, Kloer C, Parker A, Shakir N, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Genital Hypoplasia before Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: Does the Robotic Peritoneal Flap Method Create Equivalent Vaginal Canal Outcomes? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Apr 1;151(4):867-874. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010011. Epub 2022 Dec 9. PMID: 36729740.
132. Parker A, Brydges H, Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Mending the Gap: AlloDerm as a Safe and Effective Option for Vaginal Canal Lining in Revision Robotic Assisted Gender Affirming Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty. Urology. 2023 Mar;173:204-208. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.01.003. Epub 2023 Jan 13. PMID: 36642117.
133. Xu AJ, Stair SL, Kirtishri Mishra K, Agocs C, Zhao LC. PATIO repair for treatment of urethrocutaneous fistula: Updated technique and outcomes in a diverse adult population. Urology Video Journal, Volume 17, 2023
134. Anzai LM, Daar DA, Frey JD, Zhao LC, Levine JP. Free Ileal Flap: An Alternative Approach to Urethral Reconstruction. J Urol Surg. 2022;9(3):212-214. doi: 10.4274/jus.galenos.2022.2021.0116.
135. Lee M, Lee Z, Houston N, Strauss D, Lee R, Asghar AM, Corse T, Zhao LC, Stifelman MD, Eun DD; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). Robotic ureteral reconstruction for recurrent strictures after prior failed management. BJUI Compass. 2023 Feb 16;4(3):298-304. doi: 10.1002/bco2.224. PMID: 37025480; PMCID: PMC10071084.
136. Kloer C, Blasdel G, Shakir N, Parker A, Itzel Gómez A, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Does Genital Self-image Correspond with Sexual Health before and after Vaginoplasty? Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Feb 17;11(2):e4806. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004806. PMID: 36817276; PMCID: PMC9937093.
137. Zhang TR, Mishra K, Blasdel G, Alford A, Stifelman M, Eun D, Zhao LC. Preoperative stricture length measurement does not predict postoperative outcomes in robotic ureteral reconstructive surgery. World Journal of Urology 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04525-6
138. Robinson I, Chao BW, Blasdel G, Levine JP, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Anterolateral Thigh Phalloplasty With Staged Skin Graft Urethroplasty: Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2023 Apr 11:S0090-4295(23)00307-2. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.03.038. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37054922.
139. Corse TD, Dayan L, Cheng N, Brown A, Krishnan N, Mishra K, Sanchez De La Rosa R, Ahmed M, Lovallo G, Eun D, Zhao L, Stifelman M. A Multi-Institutional Experience Utilizing Boari Flap in Robotic Urinary Reconstruction. J Endourol. 2023 Apr 26. doi: 10.1089/end.2022.0618. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37128188.
140. Coon D, Morrison SD, Morris MP, Keller P, Bluebond-Langner R, Bowers M, Brassard P, Buncamper ME, Dugi D 3rd, Ferrando C, Gast KM, McGinn C, Meltzer T, Monstrey S, Özer M, Poh M, Satterwhite T, Ting J, Zhao L, Kuzon WM, Schechter L. Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Comparison of Algorithms, Surgical Techniques and Management Practices across 17 High-volume Centers in North America and Europe. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 May 30;11(5):e5033. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005033. PMID: 37255762; PMCID: PMC10226616.
141. Robinson IS, Cripps CN, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Operative Management of Complications Following Intestinal Vaginoplasty: A Case Series and Systematic Review. Urology. 2023 Jul 20:S0090-4295(23)00592-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.07.005. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37479146.
142. Chen B, Alford AV, Lonze BE, Zhao LC. Single-port robotic-assisted ureteral reconstruction for management of strictures after renal transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2023 Nov;23(11):1800-1805. doi: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.06.009. Epub 2023 Jun 15. PMID: 37330143.
143. Schlaepfer CH, Flynn KJ, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Erickson BA. Clinical Validation of an Adult-acquired Buried Penis Classification System Based on Standardized Evaluation of the Penis, Abdomen, and Scrotum. Urology. 2023 Oct;180:249-256. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.04.048. Epub 2023 Jul 26. PMID: 37507025.
144. Zhang TR, Alford A, Wang A, Zhao LC. Robotic-assisted Posterior Urethroplasty: Outcomes From 105 Men in a Single-center Experience. Urology. 2023 Nov;181:167-173. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.062. Epub 2023 Aug 4. PMID: 37543119.
145. Jamil ML, Hamsa A, Grove S, Cho EY, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Vanni AJ. Outcomes of Urethroplasty for Synchronous Anterior Urethral Stricture Utilizing the Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons Length, Segment and Etiology Anterior Urethral Stricture Classification System. Urology. 2023 Nov;181:155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.08.017. Epub 2023 Sep 9. PMID: 37673405.
146. Robinson IS, Salibian A, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Nipple-Preserving Inferior Ellipse Mastectomy: A New Technique for Gender-Affirming Top Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Sep 6. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011046. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37678803.
147. Zhang TR, Zhao LC, Qian Y, Radix A, Bluebond-Langner R, Harel D, Mmonu NA. Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery in New York State. Urol Pract. 2024 Jan;11(1):37-39. doi: 10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000477. Epub 2023 Nov 1. PMID: 37914410.
148. Lee M, Zhao K, Lee R, Lee Z, Raver M, Nguyen J, Munver R, Ahmed M, Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun DD, Collaborative Of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery Corrus. Preoperative Predictors of Surgical Success for Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction of Proximal and Middle Ureteral Strictures. Urology. 2023 Dec 15:S0090-4295(23)01075-0. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.12.003. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38104667.
149. Zhang TR, Harel D, Rivera A, Shahnawaz S, Qian Y, Berry C, Zhao LC, Radix A, Bluebond-Langner R, Mmonu NA. Incidence, Complications, and Long-term Outcomes of Gender-affirming Phalloplasty: Analysis of a Large Statewide Population-based Dataset. Urology. 2024 Mar;185:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.10.044. Epub 2024 Feb 9. PMID: 38340965.
150. Viegas V, Freton L, Richard C, Haudebert C, Khene ZE, Hascoet J, Verhoest G, Mathieu R, Vesval Q, Zhao LC, Bensalah K, Peyronnet B. Robotic YV plasty outcomes for bladder neck contracture vs. vesico-urethral anastomotic stricture. World J Urol. 2024 Mar 20;42(1):172. doi: 10.1007/s00345-024-04814-8. PMID: 38506927.
151. Zhang TR, Castle E, Dubach-Reinhold C, Blasdel G, Kloer C, Alford A, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Pilot Test of A Gender-conscious Sexual Health Intake Questionnaire: Increasing Inclusivity and Mitigating Bias in Sexual History Taking. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024 Apr 5;12(4):e5614. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005614. PMID: 38596592; PMCID: PMC11000753.
152. Blasdel G, Kloer C, Zarchen N, Bassale S, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R, Dy GW. The Greatest Challenges after Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Qualitative Analysis. Transgender Health. DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2023.0226
153. Lee M, Nagoda E, Strauss D, Loecher M, Stifelman M, Zhao L. Role of buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty in the surgical management of pyeloplasty failure. Asian J Urol. 2024 Jul;11(3):373-376. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2023.09.001. Epub 2023 Nov 15. PMID: 39139522; PMCID: PMC11318385.
154. Dy GW, Blasdel G, Dugi D, Butler C, Hotaling JM, Myers JB, Goodwin I, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC, Agarwal CA. Transgender and Non-Binary Surgery Registry: Building a Patient-Focused Registry for Genital Gender Affirming Surgery. Transgend Health. 2024 Oct 9;9(5):399-412. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2022.0111. PMID: 39449786; PMCID: PMC11496892.
155. Shanker EM, Ren Q, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R, Deng FM. Exploring the Incidence of Testicular Neoplasms in the Transgender Population: A Case Series. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024 Nov 11. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2024-0218-OA. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39522551.
156. Chao BW, Raver M, Lin J, Zhao K, Lee M, Gelman S, Stifelman M, Zhao LC, Eun DD. Robotic Buccal Mucosa Graft Ureteroplasty: A Decade of Experience From a Multi-institutional Cohort. Urology. 2024 Nov 30:S0090-4295(24)01115-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.11.059. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39622442.
157. Erickson BA, Tuong MN, Zorn AN, Schlaepfer CH, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC. Development and Validation of the Length, Segment, and Etiology Anterior Urethral Stricture Disease Staging System Using Longitudinal Urethroplasty Outcomes Data From the Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons. J Urol. 2025 Apr;213(4):512-523. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004369. Epub 2024 Dec 9. PMID: 39652884.
158. Barrow B, Laspro M, Brydges HT, Onuh O, Stead TS, Levine JP, Zhao LC, Chiu ES. Technical Considerations and Outcomes for Panniculectomy in the Setting of Buried Penis Patients: A Systematic Review and Database Analysis. Ann Plast Surg. 2024 Sep 1;93(3):355-360. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000004025. Epub 2024 Jul 15. PMID: 39150854.
159. Blasdel G, Hemal K, Dubach-Reinhold C, Parker A, Amro C, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. "Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty Using Robotic Peritoneal Flap Method: Long Term Outcomes of 500 Cases". Ann Surg. 2025 Jan 9. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006621. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39781707.
160. Lee J, Oh C, Brucker B, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Impact of Gender Affirming Vaginoplasty on Lower Urinary Tract Function: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2025 Feb;44(2):311-318. doi: 10.1002/nau.25649. Epub 2024 Dec 24. PMID: 39718157.
161. Xu AJ, Lin JS, Chen PY, Carbunaru S, Lee YS, Zhao LC. Single-port robotic laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy: surgical technique and clinical outcomes. Can J Urol. 2024 Dec;31(6):12072-12076. PMID: 39675039.
162. Lee M, Zhao K, Chao B, Lee Z, Munver R, Ahmed M, Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun DD; Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS). Preoperative Factors for Success of Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction for Distal Ureteral Strictures. J Endourol. 2024 Dec;38(12):1359-1363. doi: 10.1089/end.2024.0595. Epub 2024 Oct 21. PMID: 39432479.
163. Patel HV, Li KD, Rourke KF, Smith TG 3rd, Voelzke BB, Myers JB, Broghammer JA, Alsikafi NF, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Peterson AC, Erickson BA, Breyer BN. The Impact of Social Deprivation on Anterior Urethral Stricture Recurrence After Urethroplasty: A Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons Analysis. J Urol. 2024 Dec;212(6):882-890. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004188. Epub 2024 Aug 1. PMID: 39088547; PMCID: PMC11651709.
164. Mmonu N, Radix A, Castle E, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R, Ospina-Norvell C, Harel D, Fendrick M, Zhang TR, Berry CA. Patient-centered outcomes on preparing for and undergoing gender-affirming phalloplasty: a qualitative, descriptive study. BMJ Open. 2025 Mar 22;15(3):e090614. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090614. PMID: 40122562; PMCID: PMC11934403.
165. Hemal K, Blasdel G, Parker A, Amro C, Dubach-Reinhold C, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Quantifying the Learning Curve in Robotic Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 2025 Apr 1;94(4S Suppl 2):S139-S144. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000004265. PMID: 40167061.
166. Chao BW, Zhao K, Lee M, Lin JS, Raver M, Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun DD. Patient-reported symptoms suggestive of vesicoureteral reflux after robotic ureteral reimplantation in adults. J Robot Surg. 2025 Apr 15;19(1):158. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02310-8. PMID: 40232636.
167. Kaur MN, Rae C, Morrison SD, Laungani A, Brassard P, Mullender MG, van de Grift TC, Young-Afat DA, Sørensen JA, Poulsen L, Cornacchi SD, Graesser JG, Igbokwe MM, Satterwhite T, Pang JH, Akhavan AA, Hu A, Johnson N, Cano SJ, Savard K, Mundinger GS, Capitán-Cañadas F, Simon D, Capitán L, Coon D, Brydges HT, Bluebond-Langner R, Rodriguez ED, Zhao LC, Armstrong KA, Dean NR, Crittenden TA, Cannell ZA, Lane M, Haley CA, Hsu J, Dy GW, Peters BR, Berli JU, Milano CE, Lava CX, Fan KL, Del Corral GA, Kaoutzanis C, Kalia N, Higuchi T, Ganor O, Subedi S, Douglass LM, Hamidian Jahromi A, Hosseini HC, Ihnat J, Parikh N, Hu K, Alperovich M, Ray EC, Aref Y, Hassan BA, Liang F, Mundy L, Chen ML, Pusic AL, Klassen AF. Development and Assessment of a Patient-Reported Outcome Instrument for Gender-Affirming Care. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 1;8(4):e254708. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.4708. PMID: 40249619; PMCID: PMC12008761.
168. Otto-Moudry R, Castle E, Blasdel G, Mishra K, Lin J, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L. Robotic Reconstruction of a Surgically Absent Rectum Using AlloDerm. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Jun 24;13(6):e6919. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006919. PMID: 40557302; PMCID: PMC12187300.
169. Biasatti A, Soputro NA, Porpiglia F, Perdonà S, Abdollah F, Nelson R, Rogers C, Zhao LC, Ghazi A, Challacombe B, Eden C, Mattei A, Fankhauser CD, Breda A, Rocco B, Montorsi F, Briganti A, Pellegrino AA, Mottrie A, De Groote R, Haese A, Graefen M, Moschovas MC, Patel V, Simone G, Galfano A, Secco S, Bertolo R, Pandolfo SD, Pansadoro V, Carvalho FLF, Joseph JV, Ramadan M, Shakuri-Rad J, Yuh B, Nix J, Lee DI, Rais-Bahrami S, Hemal S, Eltemamy M, Beksac AT, Schwen Z, Su LM, Buscarini M, Palese M, Tewari A, Wiklund P, Cherullo EE, Vourganti S, Linehan JA, Wu Z, Stifelman M, Ahmed M, Mehrazin R, Badani K, Link RE, Crivellaro S, Kaouk J, Autorino R. The current landscape of single-port robotic surgery in urology. Nat Rev Urol. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1038/s41585-025-01081-z. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40897917.
170. Bourillon A, Freton L, Hascoet J, Richard C, Haudebert C, Verhoest G, Mathieu R, Zhao LC, Bensalah K, Peyronnet B. Robotic upper urinary tract reconstruction for ureteral stricture: a single-center series. J Robot Surg. 2025 Sep 7;19(1):573. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02754-y. PMID: 40914922; PMCID: PMC12414849.
171. Sorensen TJ, Elbakry AA, Ratanapornsompong W, Sarawong S, Tran D, Volk A, Levine J, Zhao LC. Posterior Urethral Reconstruction with Ileal Chimeric Free Flap: A Novel Approach for Management of Radiation-Induced Devastated Bladder Outlet. Urology. 2025 Oct 15:S0090-4295(25)01004-0. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.10.014. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41106522.
172. Lee M, Saxena S, Zhao K, Dodd C, Lee R, Stifelman M, Zhao L, Eun DD. Robotic ureteral reconstruction for endometriosis-induced strictures: insights from a multi-institutional experience. World J Urol. 2025 Oct 4;43(1):589. doi: 10.1007/s00345-025-05982-x. PMID: 41045299; PMCID: PMC12496256.
173. Patel HV, Ericksonb BA, Abbasi B, Alsikafi NF, Broghammer JA, Pandit K, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Daryabari SS, Myers JB, Smith TG 3rd, Lindekugel G, Voelzke BB, Vanni AJ, Zhao LC, Breyer BN. Early real-world experience with Optilume® drug-coated balloon for anterior urethral strictures and posterior urethral stenoses. Urology. 2025 Oct 16:S0090-4295(25)01012-X. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.10.025. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41109561.

Peer-reviewed reviews

1. Zhao LC, Meeks JJ, Nadler RB. Robotics in urologic surgery. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2009 61:331-9.
2. Mouli SK, Zhao LC, Omary RA, Thaxton, CS. Lymphotrophic nanoparticle enhanced MRI for the staging of genitourinary tumors. Nature Rev Urol 2010 7:84-93.
3. Tausch TJ, Mauck R, Zhao LC, Morey AF. Penile Prosthesis Insertion for Acute Priapism. Urol Clin North Am. 2013 40:421-5.
4. Zhao LC, Hudak SJ, Morey AF. Reconstruction of Traumatic and Reoperative Anterior Urethral Strictures via Excisional Techniques. Urol Clin North Am. 2013 40:403-6.
5. Zhao LC. Contemporary Management of Anterior Urethral Strictures. AUA Update Series 2014.
6. Zhao LC. Contemporary Management of Posterior Urethral Stenosis. AUA Update Series 2014.
7. Bryk DJ, Yamaguchi Y, Zhao LC. Tissue transfer techniques in reconstructive urology. Korean J Urol. 2015 56:478-86.
8. Bryk DJ, Zhao LC. Guidelines of guidelines: a review of urological trauma guidelines. BJU Int. 2016 117:226-34.
9. Nikolavsky D, Yamaguchi Y, Levine JP, Zhao LC. Urologic Sequelae Following Phalloplasty in Transgendered Patients. Urol Clin North Am. 2017 Feb;44:113-125
10. Zhao LC. Management of Urethral Strictures. Urol Clin North Am. 2017 Feb;44.
11. Zhao L. Management of complex urethral stricture: NYU case of the month, February 2017. Rev Urol. 2017; 19; 52-55.
12. Dy GW, Weinberg A, Zhao LC. Prosthetic Considerations in Neophallic Reconstruction. Current Sexual Health Reports. 2017; 9; 207-213.
13. Tracey AT, Eun DD, Stifelman MD, Hemal AK, Stein RJ, Mottrie A, Cadeddu JA, Stolzenburg JU, Berger AK, Buffi N, Zhao LC, Lee Z, Hampton L, Porpiglia F, Autorino R. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair of ureteral injury: an evidence-based review of techniques and outcomes. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2018 Mar 28.
14. Dy GW, Sun J, Granieri MA, Zhao LC. Reconstructive Management Pearls for the Transgender Patient. Curr Urol Rep. 2018; 19; 36.
15. Nikolavsky D, Hughes M, Zhao LC. Urologic Complications After Phalloplasty or Metoidioplasty. Clin Plast Surg. 2018 45:425-435.
16. Sun JY, Granieri MA, Zhao LC. Robotics and urologic reconstructive surgery. Transl Androl Urol. 2018 7:545-557.
17. Zhao LC. Management of Ureteral Strictures: NYU Case of the Month, October 2018. Rev Urol. 2018;20(4):177-178.
18. Scahrdein JN, Zhao LC, Nikolavsky D. Management of Vaginoplasty and Phalloplasty Complications. Urol Clin North Am. 2019 Nov;46(4):605-618.
19. Nazarian M; Bluebond-Langner R, Smereka P, Zhao L, Ream J, Hindman N. Spectrum of imaging findings in gender-affirming genital surgery: Intraoperative photographs, normal post-operative anatomy, and common complications. Clinical imaging. 2020 69():63-71
20. Zhao LC. Management of Urethral Stenosis After Treatment for Prostate Cancer: NYU Case of the Month, August 2020. Rev Urol. 2020;22(3):133-134. PMID: 33239974; PMCID: PMC7672505.
21. Drain A, Jun MS, Zhao LC. Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction. Urol Clin North Am. 2021 Feb;48(1):91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33218597.
22. Salibian AA, Schechter LS, Kuzon WM, Bouman MB, van der Sluis WB, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Vaginal Canal Reconstruction in Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty with Flaps, Peritoneum, or Skin Grafts: Where Is the Evidence? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Apr 1;147(4):634e-643e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007779. PMID: 33776039.
23. Kloer C, Parker A, Blasdel G, Kaplan S, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. Sexual Health after Vaginoplasty: A Systematic Review. Andrology. 2021 Apr 21. doi: 10.1111/andr.13022. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33882193.
24. Zhao CC, Shakir NA, Zhao LC. The emerging role of robotics in upper and lower urinary tract reconstruction. Curr Opin Urol. 2021 Sep 1;31(5):511-515. PMID: 34155169.
25. Shakir NA, Zhao LC. Robotic-assisted genitourinary reconstruction: current state and future directions. Ther Adv Urol. 2021 Jul 31;13:17562872211037111. doi: 10.1177/17562872211037111. PMID: 34377155; PMCID: PMC8326819.
26. Kloer C, Blasdel G, Morris M, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Overview of Gender Affirming Surgery for the Gynecologic Surgeon. Journal of Gynecologic Surgery. 2021 Aug 37(4); 269-274.
27. Gonzalez AN, Mishra K, Zhao LC. Buccal Mucosal Ureteroplasty for the Management of Ureteral Strictures: Patient Selection and Considerations. Res Rep Urol. 2022 Apr 9;14:135-140. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S291950. PMID: 35433528; PMCID: PMC9007613.
28. Xu AJ, Mishra K, Lee YS, Zhao LC. Robotic-Assisted Lower Genitourinary Tract Reconstruction. Urol Clin North Am. 2022 Aug;49(3):507-518. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.05.003. Epub 2022 Jun 27. PMID: 35931440.
29. Blasdel G, Dy GW, Nikolavsky D, Ferrando CA, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. "Urinary Reconstruction in Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery: Checking Our Surgical Complication Blind Spots". Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Jun 7. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010813. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37289945.
30. Robinson IS, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Robotics in Gender Affirming Surgery: Current Applications and Future Directions. Semin Plast Surg. 2023;37(3):193-198. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1771302. PMID: 38444954.
31. Zhang TR, Alford A, Zhao LC. Summarizing the evidence for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction: Systematic review of patency and incontinence outcomes. Asian J Urol. 2024 Jul;11(3):341-347. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2023.08.007. Epub 2023 Nov 9. PMID: 39139537; PMCID: PMC11318445.
32. Kassiri B, Zhang TR, Alford AV, Lee YS, Zhao LC. Management of Pelvic Trauma‑Associated Urethral Injury in Men. Current Surgery Reports. Volume 11, pages 243-250, (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40137-023-00365-w
33. Dolendo I, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R, Anger JT. Bridging the evidence gap in gender-affirming care: urgent research needs. BJU Int. 2025 Jun 2. doi: 10.1111/bju.16783. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40457589.
34. Parker A, Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L. Vaginoplasty Complications and Revisions. Clin Plast Surg. 2025 Oct;52(4):485-493. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2025.06.005. Epub 2025 Aug 5. PMID: 41093465.

Book Chapters

1. Zhao LC, Gonzalez, CM. The Use of Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Men with Urethral Stricture Disease. Advanced Male Urethral and Genital Reconstructive Surgery. Edited by Brandes SB, Morey AF. Springer, Berlin, 2013
2. Morey AF, Zhao LC. Genital and Lower Urinary Tract Trauma. Campbell-Walsh Urology, 11th Ed. Edited by McDougal WS, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA. Elsevier 2015
3. Zhao LC, Morey AF. Scrotum and Testicle, Trauma. The 5-Minute Urology Consult, 3rd Ed, edited by Gomella, LG. Wolters Kluwer, 2015.
4. Zhao LC, Morey AF. Urethral Trauma (Anterior and Posterior). The 5-Minute Urology Consult, 3rd Ed, edited by Gomella, LG. Wolters Kluwer, 2015.
5. Zhao LC, Morey AF. Renal Trauma, Adult. The 5-Minute Urology Consult, 3rd Ed, edited by Gomella, LG. Wolters Kluwer, 2015.
6. Yamaguchi Y, Zhao LC, Stifelman M. Robot-Assisted Ureteral Reconstruction. Surgical Atlas of Robotic Urologic Surgery, 2nd Ed, edited by Su L. Springer 2016.
7. Yamaguchi Y, Zhao LC, Morey AF. Management of Vesicourethral Anastomotic Stricture. Urinary Dysfunction in Prostate Cancer. Edited by Sandhu J. Springer 2016
8. Zhao LC, Khurana K, Stifelman M. Complications of Robotic Upper Urinary Tract Reconstruction. I Taneja’s Complications of Urologic Surgery 5th Ed, edited by Taneja S, Shah O. Elsevier, 2016.
9. Weinberg A, Khurana K, Zhao LC. Complications of Gender Confirmation Surgery. Taneja’s Complications of Urologic Surgery 5th Ed, edited by Taneja S, Shah O. Elsevier, 2016.
10. Yamaguchi Y, Levine JP, Zhao LC. Management of Unfavorable Urologic Sequelae After Phalloplasty in Transgender Patients. Gender Affirmation Medical and Surgical Perspectives. Edited by Salgado CJ, Monstrey SJ, Djordjevic ML. Thieme 2017
11. Buccal mucosa graft for ureteral strictures. Atlas of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery, 3rd Ed. Edited Bishoff JT, Kavoussi LR. Elsevier 2017.
12. Weinberg AC, Zhao LC, Stifelman M. Laparoscopic and Robotic Reconstructive Ureteral Surgery: Basic Principles. Smith’s Textbook of Endourology, 4th Ed. Edited by Smith A, Preminger G, Kavoussi L, Badlani G. Wiley 2017
13. Unger C, Zhao LC, Nikolavsky D. Transgender surgery: Female to Male. UpToDate, ed. 2018 https://www.uptodate.com
14. Nikolavsky D, Phelps J, Weinberg AC, Zhao LC. Management of Urethral Complications Following Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty. Gender Confirmation Surgery—Principles and Techniques for an Emerging Field. Edited by Schecter L. Springer 2019
15. Dy GW, Jun M, Shakir N, Zhao LC. Robotic Assisted Reconstruction of the Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction. Textbook of Male Genitourethral Reconstruction. Editors: Martins F, Kohler T, Kulkarni S. 2019
16. Dy GW, Nolan I, Shakir N, Zhao LC. Prosthetics in Masculinizing Surgery. Urological Care for the Transgender Patient. Editors: Nikolavsky D, Blakely S. Springer 2021
17. Dy GW, Blakely S, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Robotic Applications in Gender Confirming Genital Surgery. Urological Care for the Transgender Patient. Editors: Nikolavsky D, Blakely S. Springer 2021
18. Jun MS, Zhao LC. Posterior Urethroplasty. Techniques of Robotic Urinary Tract Reconstruction: A Complete Approach. Editors: Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun D, Koh C. Springer 2021
19. Shakir N, Jun MS, Zhao LC. Proximal Ureteral Reconstruction: Uretero-ureterostomy, buccal mucosa graft, retrocaval ureter. Techniques of Robotic Urinary Tract Reconstruction: A Complete Approach. Editors: Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun D, Koh C. Springer 2021
20. Mishra K, Jun MS, Zhao LC. Proximal Ureteral Reconstruction: Uretero-ureterostomy, buccal mucosa graft, retrocaval ureter. Techniques of Robotic Urinary Tract Reconstruction: A Complete Approach. Editors: Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun D, Koh C. Springer 2021
21. Mishra K, Zhao LC. Robotic reconstruction of upper urinary tract system. Principles and Practice of Robotic Surgery. Editors: Costello A (in press)
22. Blasdel G, Zhao LC, & Bluebond-Langner R. Surgical Gender Identity Affirmation. In: Fenway Guide to Trans and Nonbinary Health Care. McGraw Hill 2021
23. Mishra K, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Vaginoplasty. Campbell-Walsh Urology, 13th Ed. Edited by McDougal WS, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA. (in press)
24. Parker A, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty. Selvaggi. (in press)
25. Wang A, Alford A, Zhang T, Lin JS, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Robotic Approaches to Gender-Affirming Surgery. Comprehensive Atlas of Robotic Urologic Surgery. Editors: Su, L (in press)
26. Parker A, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Vaginoplasty complications and revisions. Gender Affirming Surgery. Editors: Liang F (in press)

Editorials and Commentaries

1. Navai N, Ramos P, Zhao LC, Meeks JJ, Nadler RB, Smith ND. Why not partial nephrectomy? Urology. 2008 72:243-6.
2. Bjurlin MA, Zhao LC, Huang WC. More on robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy. NEJM 2014 371:1654-5.
3. Bjurlin MA, Zhao LC, Stifelman MD. Re: Nicolò Maria Buffi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Rodolfo Hurle, et al. Robot-assisted Surgery for Benign Ureteral Strictures: Experience and Outcomes from Four Tertiary Care Institutions. Eur Urol. 2017 Mar;71(3):e91. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Sep 15. PMID: 27639535.
4. Weinberg AC, Zhao LC. Editorial Comment on A Novel Experimental Method for Penile Augmentation Urethroplasty with a Combination of Buccal Mucosa and Amniotic Membrane in a Rabbit Model. Urology. 2017 Apr;102:245-246.
5. Granieri M, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. Editorial Comment on Postoperative Complications following Primary Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty among 330 Male-to-Female Transgender Patients. J Urol. 2018 Mar;199(3):764-765.
6. Granieri M, Zhao L. Reply by the Authors on Robotic Y-V Plasty for Recalcitrant Bladder Neck Contracture (Urology 2018; 117: 163-165). Urology. 2018 Nov;121:204.
7. Jun MS, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Editorial Comment on Single Port and Multiport Approaches for Robotic Vaginoplasty With the Davydov Technique. Urology. 2020 Apr; 138:172-173.
8. Jun MS, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Editorial Comment on The First Experience of Using the Pedicled Labia Minora Flap for Urethral Lengthening in Transgender Men Undergoing Anterolateral Thigh and Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap Phalloplasty: A Multicenter Study on Clinical Outcomes. Urology. 2020 Apr;138:186-187.
9. Freton L, Peyronnet B, Greenwell T, Morel-Journel N, Brucker BM, Zhao LC. Urethral stricture management in male candidates to artificial urinary sphincter: Is the best always the enemy of the good? Prog Urol. 2020 May;30(6):301-303.
10. Jun MS, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Editorial Comment on Gender-affirming Vaginectomy–Transperineal Approach. Urology. 2020 Oct;144:264-265.
11. Erickson BA, Flynn KJ, Hahn AE, Cotter K, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC; Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS). Response to Letter to Editor: "Development and Validation of a Male Anterior Urethral Stricture Classification System". Urology. 2020 Oct 30:S0090-4295(20)31302-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.028. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33137347.
12. Mishra K, Mahran A, Abboud B, Elshafei A, Bukavina L, Zhao LC, Gupta S. Author Reply to Letter-to-the-Editor on: Validating the Martini Staging System for Rectourethral Fistula. Urology. 2020 Nov 19:S0090-4295(20)31395-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.11.017. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33221419.
13. Shakir NA, Zhao LC. Editorial Comment on Appendiceal Interposition for Ureteral Stricture Disease: Technique and Surgical Outcomes. Urology. 2020 Dec;146:252. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.07.084. PMID: 33272431.
14. Zhao LC. A Single-Center Study Comparison of Two Different Male-to-Female Penile Skin Inversion Vaginoplasty Techniques and Their 3.5-Year Outcomes. PracticeUpdate website. Available at: https://www.practiceupdate.com/content/comparison-of-two-different-male-to-female-penile-skin-inversion-vaginoplasty-techniques/110642/65/3/1. Accessed December 28, 2020
15. Zhao LC. Cancer Stage, Treatment, and Survival Among Transgender Patients in the United States. PracticeUpdate website. Available at: https://www.practiceupdate.com/content/cancer-stage-treatment-and-survival-among-transgender-patients/115218/65/3/1. Accessed April 01, 2021
16. Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. PROMs Beyond the Penis: A Letter to the Editor on the Article by Pigot et al. J Sex Med. 2021 Apr;18(4):839-840. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.181. Epub 2021 Feb 27. PMID: 33648902.
17. Blasdel G, Shakir N, Parker A, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L. Letter to the Editor from Blasdel et al: No Venous Thromboembolism Increase Among Transgender Female Patients Remaining on Estrogen for Gender Affirming Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 13:dgab243. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab243. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33846750.
18. Dy GW, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. Reply: Technical Refinements of Vulvar Reconstruction in Gender-Affirming Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 May 1;147(5):898e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007844. PMID: 33878046.
19. Nikolavsky D, Zhao LC. AUTHOR REPLY: One or Two Stage Buccal Augmented Urethroplasty has a High Success Rate in Treating Post Phalloplasty Anastomotic Urethral Stricture. Urology. 2021 Oct;156:278. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.049. PMID: 34758566.
20. Liu, Wen; Shakir, Nabeel; Zhao, Lee Cheng. 'AUTHOR REPLY'. Single-Port Robotic Posterior Urethroplasty Using Buccal Mucosa Grafts: Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2022 Jan; 159: 214-221. PMID: 35027180
21. Xu AJ, Shakir NA, Jun MS, Zhao LC. Response to Letter to Editor: Re: Xu AJ, Shakir NA, Jun MS, Zhao LC. Robotic Assisted Repair of Post-Ileal Conduit Parastomal Hernia: Technique and Outcomes. Urology. 2022 Mar;161:157-158. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.11.024.
22. Agochukwu-Mmonu N, Radix A, Zhao L, Makarov D, Bluebond-Langner R, Fendrick AM, Castle E, Berry C. Patient reported outcomes in genital gender-affirming surgery: the time is now. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2022 Apr 25;6(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s41687-022-00446-x. PMID: 35467181.
23. Shakir NA, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Discussion: Common Revisions after Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty: Techniques and Clinical Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Jun 1;149(6):1202e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009163. Epub 2022 May 25. PMID: 35613292.
24. Zhao LC, Alford AV, Zhang TR. Editorial Comment on “Bladder Neck Contractures Stabilize After Placement of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter.” Krughoff K, Peterson AC. J Urol. 2023 May;209(5):981-991. J Urol. 2023 May;209(5):990-991. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003194.03. Epub 2023 Feb 23. PMID: 36815405.
25. Kim S, Cheng KC, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Elliott SP, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Buckley JC. Reply by Authors. On “Minimizing Antibiotic Use in Urethral Reconstruction.” J Urol. 2022 Jul;208(1):134. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002487.02. Epub 2022 Apr 20. PMID: 35440178.
26. Robinson IS, Carswell JM, Boskey E, Agarwal CA, Brassard P, Bélanger M, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Gender Surgery in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Review of Ethical and Surgical Considerations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Feb 27:e010325. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010325. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36827481.
27. Castle E, Kimberly L, Blasdel G, Parker A, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Should BMI Help Determine Gender-Affirming Surgery Candidacy? AMA J Ethics. 2023 Jul 1;25(7):E496-506. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2023.496. PMID: 37432002.
28. Zhao LC, Blasdel G, Parker A, Bluebond-Langner R. How Should Surgeons Approach Gender-Affirming Surgery Revisions When Patients Were Not, Perhaps, Well Informed in Prior Counseling? AMA J Ethics. 2023 Jun 1;25(6):E391-397. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2023.391. PMID: 37285292.
29. Zhang TR, Castle E, Zhao LC. What Pediatric Robotic Surgery Since 2000 Suggests About Ethics, Limits, and Innovation. AMA J Ethics. 2023;25(8):E637-E642. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2023.637. PMID: 37535508.
30. Zhang TR, Alford A, Wang A, Zhao LC. AUTHOR REPLY “Robotic-assisted Posterior Urethroplasty: Outcomes From 105 Men in a Single-center Experience.” Urology. 2023 Nov;181:172-173. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.064. Epub 2023 Sep 9. PMID: 37690881.
31. Zhang TR, Zhao LC, Qian Y, Radix A, Bluebond-Langner R, Harel D, Mmonu NA. Reply by Authors on “Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery in New York State“. Urol Pract. 2023 Nov 10:101097UPJ000000000000047702. doi: 10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000477.02. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37949046.
32. Lin JS, Zhao LC. Editorial comments on "Definition of Benign Ureteroenteric Anastomotic Strictures in Ileal Conduits After Radical Cystectomy: Experience From a Single Center and Previously Published Literature". Urology. 2024 May;187:137-138. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.02.042. Epub 2024 Mar 5. PMID: 38452942.
33. Lin JS, Zhao LC. Editorial Comment on "Critically Evaluating the Role for Postoperative Antibiotics in Patients Undergoing Urethroplasty With Buccal Mucosa Graft: A Claims Database Analysis". Urology. 2024 May 6:S0090-4295(24)00344-3. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.04.047. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38719112.
34. Zhang TR, Harel D, Rivera A, Shahnawaz S, Qian Y, Berry C, Zhao LC, Radix A, Bluebond-Langner R, Mmonu NA. Corrigendum to "Incidence, Complications, and Long-term Outcomes of Gender-affirming Phalloplasty: Analysis of a Large Statewide Population-based Dataset" [Urology, 185 (2024) 27-33]. Urology. 2024 Aug;190:172. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.05.007. Epub 2024 Jun 21. Erratum for: Urology. 2024 Mar;185:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.10.044. PMID: 38906723.
35. Erickson BA, Tuong MN, Zorn AN, Schlaepfer CH, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Smith TG 3rd, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC. Reply by Authors. On “Development and Validation of the Length, Segment, and Etiology Anterior Urethral Stricture Disease Staging System Using Longitudinal Urethroplasty Outcomes Data From the Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons” J Urol. 2025 Apr;213(4):522-523. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004410. Epub 2025 Mar 7. PMID: 40052606.
36. Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L. Editorial Comment on "The Peritoneal Neovagina After Robotic-assisted Peritoneal Flap Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Morphologic and Histologic Investigation of the Neovaginal Lining". Urology. 2025 Sep 24:S0090-4295(25)00901-X. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.09.026. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40998055.

Practice guidelines

1. Wessells H, Angermeier KW, Elliott SP, Gonzalez CM, Kodama RT, Peterson AC, Reston J, Rourke K, Stoffel JT, Vanni A, Voelzke B, Zhao L, Santucci RA. Male urethral stricture: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2017 197:182-190

Other publications

1. Yamaguchi Y, Zhao LC, Alukal J. Varicocelectomy: Single-port laparoscopic technique. Urology Times June 1 2015
2. Dy GW, Zhao LC. Management of the patient requesting transgender surgery. Urology Times October 1, 2016
3. Zhao LC, Shi D, Grotas A, Djordjevic ML, Dy GW, Walsh TJ, Hotaling JM. Transgender surgery: videos demonstrate cutting-edge techniques. Urology Times April 6, 2017

Books/Monographs/Journals edited

1. Urologic Clinics of North America 2013-2014, Monograph Guest Editor, Urethral Stricture Disease.
2. Translational Andrology and Urology 2018-2019, Guest Editor, Focused Issue: Urologic Management of the Transgender Patient.
3. Urologic Clinics of North America 2018-2019, Monograph Guest Editor Editor, Gender Affirming Surgery.
4. Techniques of Robotic Urinary Tract Reconstruction: A Complete Approach. Editors: Stifelman MD, Zhao LC, Eun D, Koh C. Springer 2021

Media appearances

1. 2022 KKFI TransTalk “Gender Affirming Surgery” Sep 22, 2022
2. 2022 SiriusXM Doctor Radio Men’s Health Show. “Transgender Care” Sep 21, 2022
3. 2022 Jamie Keiles New York Times Magazine “How Ben Got His Penis” 5/10/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/10/magazine/phalloplasty.html
4. 2021. “Always Jane”. Amazon Documentary
5. 2021 Kara Grant Gender-Affirming Surgical Fellowships Gaining Steam in the U.S. Web article. Medpage Today. https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/93203
6. 2018 Vanessa Matheus Gender-affirming surgery 'significantly improves quality of life,' study says. Web article. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/gender-affirming-surgery-significantly-improves-quality-life-study-says-n862361
7. 2017 Dan Goldberg Transgender programs flourish following New York Medicaid coverage Web article. Politico.com https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2017/12/11/transgender-programs-flourish-following-new-york-medicaid-coverage-140750
8. 2017 Lisa Lombardi Is It Really Possible to Break a Penis? A Urologist Explains. Web article. Health.com https://www.health.com/sexual-health/penis-fracture-big-little-lies
9. 2016 Rachel Rettner Penis Transplant: Why It’s Done & What Can Go Wrong. Web article. LiveScience.com https://www.livescience.com/54769-penile-transplant-risks.html
10. 2015 Ali Eaves Can Your Urethra Close Up? Magazine article. Men’s Health https://www.menshealth.com/health/a19534593/can-your-urethra-close-up/
11. 2014 Maxwell Barna The Deadly Science Behind Testicle Squeezing. Web article. Vice News https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/wjy7ez/the-deadly-science-behind-testicle-squeezing

Abstracts

Oral and poster presentations

1. 10/28/2017 Zhao L “Robotic Vaginectomy for Female to Male Genital Reconstruction.” Sexual Medicine Society of North America, San Antonio, TX
2. 10/28/2017 Zhao L “Robotic Vaginoplasty” Sexual Medicine Society of North America, San Antonio, TX
3. 11/02/2018 Zhao L “Use of a Split Pedicled Gracilis Muscle Flap in Robotic-Assisted Vaginectomy and Urethral Lengthening for Phalloplasty: A Novel Technique for Female-to-Male Genital Reconstruction” World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Buenos Aires, Argentina
4. 09/06/2019 Zhao L “Revision Robotic Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty for Vaginal Stenosis in Transwomen” United States Professional Association for Transgender Health Meeting, Washington, DC
5. 09/06/2019 Zhao L “Robotic Excision of Vaginal Remnant/Urethral Diverticulum for Relief of Urinary Symptoms Following Phalloplasty in Transgender Men.” United States Professional Association for Transgender Health Meeting, Washington, DC
6. 10/17/2020 Robinson I, Blasdel G, Cohen O, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. (2020, Oct). Surgical outcomes after penile reconstruction for gender dysphoria: Patient-reported outcomes from a multi-center, international survey of 129 transmasculine patients. Virtual Plastic Surgery the Meeting 89th Annual Meeting, online.
7. 11/08/2020 Blasdel G, Dy G, Robinson I, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L. Patient-Defined Goals and Priorities of Interventions for Genital Incongruence in Transgender Men and Nonbinary People. 26th World Professional Association of Transgender Health. October 2020, Virtual Conference.
8. 11/08/2020 Blasdel G, Robinson I, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. Sexually Transmitted Infection After Penile Reconstruction Surgery. World Professional Association of Transgender Health 26th Scientific Symposium. October 2020, Virtual Conference.
9. 11/08/2020 Robinson I, Blasdel G, Cohen O, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. (2020, Oct). Surgical outcomes following gender-affirming penile reconstruction. Virtual World Professional Association of Transgender Health 26th Scientific Symposium, online.
10. 11/09/2020 Schardein J, Jun MS, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L, Nikolavsky D. 141 Bi-institutional Review of Anastomotic Stricture Repairs in Transgender Men Post-phalloplasty. 21st Annual Fall Scientific Meeting of SMSNA. 2021;18(3):S75. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.160
11. 6/11/2021 Kloer C, Blasdel G, Shakir N, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R. Does genital self-image correspond with sexual health before and after vaginoplasty? Plastic Surgery Research Council. 2021 June, Virtual. Accepted with selection for “Quick Shot Presentation”
12. 9/11/2021 Blasdel G, Kloer C, Shakir N, Parker A, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC. Patients with Limited Genital Tissue Achieve Optimal Dilation Outcomes in Primary Robotic Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty. AUA 2021 Conference. 2021 September, Las Vegas, NV. Accepted with selection for Podium Session.
13. 11/01/2021 Robinson I, Kloer C, Rifkin W, Parker A, Blasdel G, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R. (2021, Oct). Impact of perioperative testosterone on surgical outcomes in transmasculine patients undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy. Plastic Surgery the Meeting 90th Annual Meeting, Atlanta.
14. 9/16/2022. Blasdel G, Jernigan E, Kloer C, Parker A, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao L. Outcomes of Gender Affirming Robotic Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty: Ongoing Quality Improvement Over Years of High Volume Practice World Professional Association for Transgender Health Meeting. Montreal Canada.
15. 1/19/2026 Sorenson TJ, Elbakry A, Volk A, Yao A, Tran D, Ratanpornsompong W, Sarawong S, Levine JP, Zhao LC. Posterior Urethral Reconstruction with Ileal Chimeric Free Flap: A Novel Approach for Management of Radiation-Induced Devastated Bladder Outlet. American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery Annual Meeting, Chula Vista, CA.
16. 5/15/2026 Zhao LC. “Single-Port Robotic Ureteroenteric Stricture Repair.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V01-02)
17. 5/15/2026 Zhao LC. “Single-Port Robotic-Assisted Transvaginal Retroperitoneal Ureteral Reimplantation: Early Experience.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V01-05)
18. 5/15/2026 Zhao LC. “Single-Port Robotic Non-Transecting Pyeloplasty in Renal Transplant.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V01-09)
19. 5/16/2026 Zhao LC. “Transvaginal Single-Port Robotic Access for Vesico-Vaginal Fistula Repair.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V04-07)
20. 5/16/2026 Zhao LC. “Beyond the Peritoneum: Non-Transperitoneal Single-Port Robotic Approaches in Urology.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V04-11)
21. 5/17/2026 Zhao LC. “Single-Port Robotic Bilateral Ileal Ureter.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V11-01)
22. 5/17/2026 Zhao LC. “Modified T-Pouch Continent Reservoir Following Robotic Cystectomy.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V11-08)
23. 5/17/2026 Zhao LC. “Single-Port Robotic Non-Transecting Ureteral Reimplantation and Buccal Mucosa Graft Ureteroplasty for Double Ureteral Stricture.” American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (Video presentation, V11-12)